Presentation of an Organizational Ethics Model Based on Society 5.0 in Municipalities
Keywords:
Organizational ethics, Society 5, DEMATEL technique, Analytic Network Process technique, MunicipalitiesAbstract
In the digital age and the technological transformations of Society 5.0, municipalities, as key institutions in urban governance, face new challenges in organizational ethics. This study was conducted with the aim of presenting an organizational ethics model based on Society 5.0 in the municipalities of West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, Ardabil, and Zanjan provinces. The research method was designed in a mixed (qualitative–quantitative) form. In the qualitative section, based on the results obtained from the meta-synthesis approach and the systematic review of the existing literature, the dimensions and components of organizational ethics grounded in the requirements of Society 5.0 were identified. Then, the findings were screened and validated using experts’ opinions through the fuzzy Delphi method. To analyze causal relationships and prioritize the dimensions, the combined DEMATEL-ANP (DANP) model was applied. The DEMATEL method was used to distinguish cause (influential) and effect (influenced) dimensions, while the ANP (Analytic Network Process) method was used to assign weights and prioritize the criteria, and the conceptual model was presented. Data were collected through questionnaires with input from seven experts in the fields of urban management, organizational ethics, and Society 5.0, and analyzed using MATLAB and Excel software. The findings showed that criteria such as ethical leadership, corporate social responsibility, and social justice have the highest importance within the framework of organizational ethics in municipalities. Moreover, dimensions such as governance and ethics-oriented digital innovation, as well as workplace ethics and organizational culture, were identified as causal influencing factors, whereas dimensions such as citizen participation and inter-organizational cooperation were categorized as effect factors. The results of the study provide a systematic framework for understanding the interactions and hierarchies of organizational ethics dimensions in the context of the smart society and can serve as a scientific–practical basis for policymaking, planning, and improving the performance of municipalities in the path toward sustainable and human-centered development in Society 5.0.
Downloads
References
[1] V. Potočan, M. Mulej, and Z. Nedelko, "Society 5.0: balancing of Industry 4.0, economic advancement and social problems," Kybernetes, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 794-811, 2021, doi: 10.1108/K-12-2019-0858.
[2] D. Mhlanga, "Human-centered artificial intelligence: The superlative approach to achieve sustainable development goals in the fourth industrial revolution," Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 13, p. 7804, 2022, doi: 10.3390/su14137804.
[3] T. Czapran, "Management and Society 5.0," Social Development and Security, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 81-90, 2023, doi: 10.33445/sds.2023.13.4.7.
[4] C. Rhodes, "The Ethics of Organizational Ethics," Organization Studies, vol. 44, pp. 497-514, 2022, doi: 10.1177/01708406221082055.
[5] S. Voitko, N. Skorobogatova, and N. S. Konovalova, "EVOLUTIONARY PREREQUISITES OF SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT BASED ON SOCIETY 5.0," Economic Bulletin of National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, 2023, doi: 10.32782/2307-5651.26.2023.5.
[6] I. Yitmen, A. Almusaed, and S. Alizadehsalehi, "Investigating the Causal Relationships among Enablers of the Construction 5.0 Paradigm: Integration of Operator 5.0 and Society 5.0 with Human-Centricity, Sustainability, and Resilience," Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 11, p. 9105, 2023, doi: 10.3390/su15119105.
[7] T. Demir, C. G. Reddick, and B. J. Perlman, "Ethical performance in local governments: An empirical study of organizational leadership and ethics culture," The American Review of Public Administration, vol. 53, no. 5-6, pp. 209-223, 2023, doi: 10.1177/02750740231175653.
[8] B. J. Perlman, C. G. Reddick, and T. Demir, "Toward an organizational ethics culture framework: an analysis of survey data from local government managers," Public Integrity, pp. 1-16, 2024, doi: 10.1080/10999922.2023.2295643.
[9] X. Bian and B. Wang, "Enabling Innovative Governance: Ethical Leadership and Dynamic Capabilities in Government Digital Transformation," Business Ethics and Leadership, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 186-200, 2024, doi: 10.61093/bel.8(4).186-200.2024.
[10] L. L. H. Nguyen, "Ethical leadership and interpersonal citizenship behavior in the public sector," International Journal of Public Leadership, vol. 19, pp. 3246-260, 2023, doi: 10.1108/ijpl-11-2022-0066.
[11] D. Al‐Fayez, I. Hijal‐Moghrabi, Y. Yoon, and M. Sabharwal, "Building blocks of good governance: Fostering an ethical work climate in public sector organizations," Public Administration and Development, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 383-396, 2024, doi: 10.1002/pad.2054.
[12] T. Mahohoma and S. Sihlangu, "The Impact of Ethical Leadership on the Service Delivery at Umhlathuze Local Municipality," International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 341-355, 2024, doi: 10.38142/ijesss.v5i2.923.
[13] T. R. Adler, T. G. Pittz, H. B. Strevel, D. Denney, S. D. Steiner, and E. S. Adler, "Team over-empowerment in market research: A virtue-based ethics approach," Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 1-15, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10551-020-04702-2.
[14] C. Martínez, A. G. Skeet, and P. M. Sasia, "Managing organizational ethics: How ethics becomes pervasive within organizations," Business Horizons, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 83-92, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2020.09.008.
[15] Y. Nameki, N. Kurashima, and K. Chin, "Digital communities for older adults deploying human-centric technologies for super-smart society," ed, 2022.
[16] T. Inaba, K. Yamazaki, and S. Hiratsuka, "Visioning design for making the law familiar—Four utilization models of the law," ed, 2023.
[17] N. Pourrostami, E. Abedini, and A. Golmohammadi, "The Role of Education in achieving Japanese Society 5.0," Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, vol. 2, no. 32, pp. 1-5, 2020.
[18] N. J. Harahap, C. H. Limbong, and E. F. S. Simanjorang, "The Education in Era Society 5.0," Jurnal Eduscience (JES), vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 237-250, 2023, doi: 10.36987/jes.v10i1.3959.
[19] J. Putri and F. Ferianto, "Kemajuan Peradaban Islam Di Era Society 5.0," Wahana Karya Ilmiah Pendidikan, vol. 7, no. 01, pp. 42-54, 2023, doi: 10.35706/wkip.v7i01.9241.
[20] R. D. Pasaribu, A. Hartaman, M. R. Sutjipto, T. Umbara, R. Purwanadita, and A. Masfiroh, "Human-Centered Sustainable University Model," Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 1-12, 2022, doi: 10.25124/jmi.v22i1.4316.
[21] R. Toleikienė, D. Šaparnienė, W. Sroka, and V. Juknevičienė, "The role of the leader in the integral system of ethics management in municipalities," Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, vol. 18, no. 65, pp. 129-148, 2022, doi: 10.24193/tras.65E.7.
[22] N. A. M. Ghazali, "Factors influencing ethical judgements of accounting practitioners: Some Malaysian evidence," International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 384-398, 2021, doi: 10.1108/ijse-07-2020-0473.
[23] f. kokabi broujerdi, m. jahangirfard, A. Mahdizadeh, and F. Hajalian, "Designing a Digital Marketing Model Considering Marketing Ethics," Ethics in Science and Technology, vol. 18, no. 0, pp. 109-116, 2023.
[24] J. Torkzadeh, f. amerifar, r. marzooghi, m. j. Salmanpoor, and f. khormaei, "Designing an Organizational Ethics Framework with an Islamic Approach: A Qualitative Study," Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 146-160, 2021, doi: 10.30495/jedu.2021.23716.4774.
[25] L. Sadaghian Bavil, A. Vedadi, and F. Haghshenas Kashani, "Explaining the Evaluation Model of Organizational Ethics in Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad with Emphasis on Rural Development in Iran," Rural AND Development, vol. 93, no. 24, pp. 105-134, 2021, doi: 10.30490/rvt.2021.352834.1303.
[26] A. Afrijal, H. Helmi, I. R. Latif, and B. Usman, "Strengthening Government Ethics as an Effort to Improve the Performance of Government Apparatus," Jurnal Pemerintahan Dan Politik, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 269-275, 2023, doi: 10.36982/jpg.v8i4.3416.
[27] K. Syadiyah, S. A. N. Putri, and H. Hayat, "The Role of Public Administration Ethics in Realizing Clean and Transparent Governance," Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara (JUAN), vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 116-124, 2024, doi: 10.31629/juan.v12i1.7053.
[28] M. Luk'yanova and Y. Makzhanova, "Coordination and Trust in Public Relations with Local Governments," Infra-M Academic Publishing House, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 92-99, 2020, doi: 10.12737/2306-627X-2020-92-99.
[29] R. Dabbagh, M. Farzan, and B. Mohseni, "Identifying the Challenges of Industry 4.0 Technologies for Sustainable Operations in SMEs," Research in Production and Operations Management, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1-24, 2025, doi: 10.22108/pom.2025.141520.1561.
[30] U. Straczkowska-Luckey and H. Luckey, "Humanists in Society 5.0: The Need for an Interdisciplinary Approach in Building a Super Smart Society," 2022.
[31] T. Joseph, "Ethics in Organization and Management: The Application of Contemporary Theories of Ethical Decision-Making in Global Conditions," International Journal of Business Strategy and Automation (IJBSA), vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 67-74, 2020, doi: 10.4018/ijbsa.20200701.oa1.
[32] Z. Mbandlwa, "Ethical leadership and service delivery: a case of Msunduzi Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal Province," 2021.
[33] H. Herawati, "KEPEMIMPINAN BERBASIS ETIKA: SEBUAH KAJIAN TEORITIS," Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Akuntansi, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 36-42, 2024.
[34] T. W. Shiundu, "Ethical leadership and its implication on decision-making in organizations: a literature review," Journal of Human Resource & Leadership, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 59-67, 2024, doi: 10.53819/81018102t30131.
[35] M. Ostadrahimi, S. Sayyad Shirkosh, and A. Kazemi, "Organizational Ethics: Presenting a Desirable Mental Image Model," Ethics in Science and Technology, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 129-138, 2024, doi: 10.22034/ethicsjournal.19.1.129.
[36] V. Mukhametzhanova, "Moral foundations of the municipal employees work," RUDN Journal of Sociology, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 901-915, 2023, doi: 10.22363/2313-2272-2023-23-4-901-915.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Tohid Sabunchi, Mortaza Honarmand Azimi , Nader Bohlooli (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
