Designing and Validating an Indigenous Productivity Model for Nongovernmental Cultural Organizations Using a Mixed-Methods Approach

Alimansoor  Sobhani; Zolfaghar Rashidi; Fatemeh  Azizabadi Farahani

Authors

Alimansoor Sobhani Ph.D. Student, Department management and planning Cultural, Ki.C., Islamic Azad University , Kish, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5779-3927
Zolfaghar Rashidi Department of Education al science, Ro.C, Islamic Azad University, Roudhen, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2769-8878
Fatemeh Azizabadi Farahani Associate Professor, Department of Cultural Management,Ro.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1839-7726

Keywords:

Organizational Productivity, Nongovernmental Cultural Organizations, Indigenous Model, Mixed Methods, Fuzzy Delphi, Fuzzy DEMATEL, Structural Equation Modeling

Abstract

This study aimed to design and validate an indigenous productivity model for nongovernmental cultural organizations by identifying its principal dimensions, indicators, causal relationships, and structural validity. The study was applied in purpose and used an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in cultural management, nongovernmental organizations, human-resource management, cultural sociology, and public policymaking, selected through purposive and snowball sampling until theoretical saturation. The interview data were analyzed through inductive thematic analysis using MAXQDA. The extracted indicators were then screened and refined through three rounds of fuzzy Delphi analysis. In the quantitative phase, a researcher-developed questionnaire was administered to managers and employees of cultural organizations in Khuzestan Province using proportionate stratified random sampling, with sample size determined through Cochran’s formula. Fuzzy DEMATEL, FCMapper scenario analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, bootstrapping, and WarpPLS moderation analysis were used to validate the model and examine relationships among its dimensions. The final model consisted of four significant dimensions: managerial, human, structural, and environmental factors. Managerial factors showed the highest network centrality, followed by human, structural, and environmental factors. All measurement models demonstrated acceptable fit, with χ²/df values ranging from 1.79 to 2.96, RMSEA values from 0.049 to 0.093, and NFI, GFI, CFI, and IFI values from 0.98 to 1.00. All standardized factor loadings were significant. Structural path coefficients ranged from 0.438 to 0.919, and all bootstrapped t-values exceeded 1.96, confirming the hypothesized relationships. The moderation model also showed strong overall fit, with GoF = 0.498, APC = 0.149 (p = 0.011), ARS = 0.344 (p < 0.001), and AVIF = 2.291. Productivity in nongovernmental cultural organizations is a multidimensional and interdependent phenomenon that requires simultaneous improvement in managerial coherence, human capabilities, structural support, and environmental responsiveness.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] M. Kashtidar, N. Rasekh, H. Ghasemi, M. Darabi, and H. R. Maghsoodi Imen, "Designing a Productivity Management Model for Physical Education Departments in Universities and Higher Education Institutions in Iran with the aim of Improving Accountability System," (in en), Human Resource Management in Sports, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 151-176, 2024, doi: 10.22044/shm.2023.12678.2527.

[2] O. G. bidmeshk, M. Mehraeen, and K. Ghaffari, "Providing a Framework for Measuring Knowledge Management Maturity in Public Organizations: A Case Study of Ferdowsi University," The Journal of Productivity Management, vol. 2, no. 16, pp. 23-49, 2022, doi: 10.30495/qjopm.2021.1930028.3146.

[3] N. Ramazani Borukhani, S. S. Vardi, A. Mehrara, and E. Diri, "Investigating the Impact of Individual, Environmental, Organizational, and Cultural Factors on Enhancing Human Resource Productivity in Public Banks of Mazandaran Province," Dynamic Management and Business Analysis Quarterly, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 200-211, 2025, doi: 10.61838/dmbaj.2.4.13.

[4] C. Ankitha, H. H. Ramesha, and N. B, "Transformational and Transactional Leadership: Effects on Workplace Culture and Productivity in IT Organizations," Interantional Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management, vol. 09, no. 08, pp. 1-9, 2025, doi: 10.55041/ijsrem51875.

[5] M. O. Aduwo, A. B. Akonobi, and C. O. Makata, "A Human Resource Leadership Influence Model on Organizational Culture, Innovation, Collaboration, and Workforce Productivity," Engineering and Technology Journal, vol. 10, no. 09, 2025, doi: 10.47191/etj/v10i09.27.

[6] M. Odeh, R. B. S. Obeidat, B. Y. Jaradat, M. O. Masa'deh, and M. T. Alshurideh, "The transformational leadership role in achieving organizational resilience through adaptive cultures: the case of Dubai service sector," International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 440-468, 2023, doi: 10.1108/IJPPM-02-2021-0093.

[7] A. Yandi, "Literature Review Analysis of the Effect of Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Work Environment on Employee Productivity," International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 12-24, 04/15 2022, doi: 10.38035/ijam.v1i1.7.

[8] V. Pawar, S. Magdoom, P. Yadav, M. Jadhav, and P. Vishwakarma, "Study of Work Culture and Its Impact on Employees' Productivity Working under Different Organizations," International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 1061-1064, 2024.

[9] A. Ariely and N. Tashman, "Examining ambivalent organizational culture and entrepreneurship: the vital role of organizational ambidexterity," Journal of Midwifery & Reproductive Health, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 779-787, 2023.

[10] B. Bahari and M. Taheri Rouzbahani, "Designing an electronic human resources management model based on knowledge creation in knowledge-based companies," (in en), Journal of value creating in Business Management, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 106-121, 2023, doi: 10.22034/jvcbm.2023.392785.1082.

[11] S. M. S. Khaksar, M. T. Chu, S. Rozario, and B. Slade, "Knowledge-based dynamic capabilities and knowledge worker productivity in professional service firms: The moderating role of organisational culture," Knowledge Management Research & Practice, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 241-258, 2023, doi: 10.1080/14778238.2020.1794992.

[12] M. S. Sadrkhanian, "Enhancing Human Resource Productivity in the Education Organization Based on Organizational Learning and Cultural Capital," in First Conference on Humanities with a New Approach, 2024: Astara. [Online]. Available: https://civilica.com/doc/2105109/.

[13] I. Khak, N. Mirsepasi, M. Montazer Ataei, and H. Khanzadeh Erfanian, "Cultural intelligence futures research with a Scenario writing approach," (in fa), Future study Management, no. 1, pp. 39-50, 2023, doi: 10.30495/jmfr.2022.55283.2254.

[14] N. Shokrollahi, "Employee Engagement in the Era of Remote Work: Strategies for Innovation and Productivity," International Journal of Innovation Management and Organizational Behavior (IJIMOB), vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 122-128, 03/01 2023, doi: 10.61838/kman.ijimob.3.1.15.

[15] M. Firdaus, E. Suryani, R. Nadlifatin, and A. Tjahyanto, "Enhancing organizational culture and productivity through innovative performance appraisal: A design science research approach," Procedia Computer Science, vol. 234, pp. 1128-1136, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2024.03.108.

[16] P. C. Susanto, J. Simarmata, W. D. Febrian, A. Sulistyowati, S. A. Wahdiniawati, and R. F. Suryawan, "Analysis of coaching, organizational culture, and performance appraisal of employee productivity in high school: Literature review," Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 83-91, 2023.

[17] P. Ghaffari, A. A. Pourezzat, V. Araei, and S. M. Alvani, "Designing a Model of Smart Urban Governance Using a Synthesis Approach," Journal of Public Administration, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 400-438, 2023, doi: 10.22059/jipa.2023.358375.3323.

[18] Z. Moradpour, M. Madhooshi, A. H. Safaie, and M. Yahyazadeh Far, "Structural Interpretive Modeling of the Thought Pattern of Successful Entrepreneurs in Iran's Industry," Dynamic Management and Business Analysis, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 212-224, 2024, doi: 10.22034/dmbaj.2024.2035663.2414.

[19] H. Rahimi Koloor and M. Azarbayejani, "Providing a paradigm model of digital marketing in knowledge-based companies," Journal of Advertising and Sales Management, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 77-94, 2022, doi: 10.52547/jabm.3.2.77.

[20] S. Taremi, M. Mojtabazadeh, and M. Moradi, "Designing a model of organizational culture transformation with a productivity-enhancement approach for Iran's education system using grounded theory," (in English), Journal of Cultural Management, vol. 16, no. 56, pp. 49-63, 2022.